Post pobrano z: Weekly news: Truncating muti-line text, calc() in custom property values, Contextual Alternates

In this week’s roundup, WebKit’s method for truncating multi-line text gets some love, a note on calculations using custom properties, and a new OpenType feature that prevents typographic logjams.

Truncating mutli-line text

The CSS -webkit-line-clamp property for truncating multi-line text is now widely supported (see my usage guide). If you use Autoprefixer, update it to the latest version (9.6.1). Previous versions would remove -webkit-box-orient: vertical, which caused this CSS feature to stop working.

Note that Autoprefixer doesn’t generate any prefixes for you in this case. You need to use the following four declarations exactly (all are required):

.line-clamp {
  overflow: hidden;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3; /* or any other integer */
}

(via Autoprefixer)

Calculations in CSS custom property values

In CSS, it is currently not possible to pre-calculate custom property values (spec). The computed value of a custom property is its specified value (with variables substituted); therefore, relative values in calc() expressions are not „absolutized” (e.g., em values are not computed to pixel values).

:root {
  --large: calc(1em + 10px);
}

blockquote {
  font-size: var(--large);
}

It may appear that the calculation in the above example is performed on the root element, specifically that the relative value 1em is computed and added to the absolute value 10px. Under default conditions (where 1em equals 16px on the root element), the computed value of --large would be 26px.

But that’s not what’s happening here. The computed value of --large is its specified value, calc(1em + 10px). This value is inherited and substituted into the value of the font-size property on the <blockquote> element.

blockquote {
  /* the declaration after variable substitution */
  font-size: calc(1em + 10px);
}

Finally, the calculation is performed and the relative 1em value absolute-ized in the scope of the <blockquote> element — not the root element where the calc() expression is declared.

(via Tab Atkins Jr.)

Contextual Alternates

The „Contextual Alternates” OpenType feature ensures that characters don’t overlap or collide when ligatures are turned off. You can check if your font supports this feature on wakamaifondue.com and enable it (if necessary) via the CSS font-variant-ligatures: contextual declaration.

(via Jason Pamental)

Announcing daily news on webplatform.news

I have started posting daily news for web developers on webplatform.news. Visit every day!

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Post pobrano z: My Favorite Netlify Features

👋 Hey folks! Silvestar pitched this post to us because he is genuinely enthusiastic about JAMstack and all of the opportunities it opens up for front-end development. We wanted to call that out because, although some of the points in here might come across as sponsored content and Netlify is indeed a CSS-Tricks sponsor, it’s completely independent of Netlify.

Being a JAMstack developer in 2019 makes me feel like I am living in a wonderland. All these modern frameworks, tools, and services make our lives as JAMstack developers quite enjoyable. In fact, Chris would say they give us superpowers.

Yet, there is one particular platform that stands out with its formidable products and features — Netlify. You’re probably pretty well familiar with Netlify if you read CSS-Tricks regularly. There’s a slew of articles on it. There are even two CSS-Tricks microsites that use it.

This article is more of a love letter to Netlify and all of the great things it does. I decided to sit down and list my most favorite things about it. So that’s what I’d like to share with you here. Hopefully, this gives you a good idea not only what Netlify is capable of doing, but helps you get the most out of it as well.

You can customize your site’s Netlify subdomain.

When creating a new project on Netlify, you start by either:

• choosing a repository from a Git provider, or
• uploading a folder.

The project should be ready in a matter of minutes, and you could start configuring it for your needs right away. Start by choosing the site name.

The site name determines the default URL for your site. Only alphanumeric characters and hyphens are allowed.

Netlify randomly creates a default name for a new project. If you don’t like the name, choose your own and make it one that would be much easier for you to remember.

For example, my site name is silvestarcodes, and I could access my site by visiting silvestarcodes.netlify.com.

You can manage all your DNS on Netlify.

If you are setting up an actual site, you would want to add a custom domain. From the domain management panel, go to the custom domains section, click on the „Add custom domain” button, enter your domain, and click the „Verify” button.

Now you have two options:

1. Point your DNS records to Netlify load balancer IP address
2. Let Netlify handle your DNS records

For the first option, you could read the full instructions in the official documentation for custom domains.

For the second option, you should add or update the nameservers on your domain registrar. If you didn’t buy the domain already, you could register it right from the dashboard.

Netlify has a service for provisioning DNS records called Netlify DNS.

Once you have configured the custom domain, you could handle your DNS records from the Netlify dashboard.

If you want to set up a dev subdomain for your dev branch to preview development changes for your site, you could do it automatically. From the Domain Management section in the Settings section of your site, select the dev branch and Netlify would add a new subdomain dev for you automagically. Now you could see the previews by visiting dev subdomain.

You could configure a subdomain for a different website. To achieve this, create a new Netlify site, enter a new subdomain as a custom domain, and Netlify would automatically add the records for you.

As an icing on the DNS management cake, Netlify lets you create Let’s Encrypt certificates for your domain automatically… for free.

You can inject snippets into pages, which is sort of like a Tag Manager.

Snippet injection is another excellent feature. I am using it mostly for inserting analytics, but you could use it for adding meta tags for responsive behavior, favicon tags, or Webmention.io tags.

When inserting snippets, you could choose to append the code fragment at the end of the <head> block, or at the end of the <body> block.

Every deploy has its own URL forever.

Netlify creates a unique preview link for every successful build. That means you could easily compare revisions made to your site. For example, here is the link to my website from January this year, and here is the link from January last year. Notice the style and content changes.

In his talk, Phil Hawksworth calls this feature immutable, atomic deploys.

They are immutable deployments that live on forever.
— Phil Hawksworth

I found this feature useful when completing tasks and sending the preview links to the clients. If there is a person in charge of handling Git-related tasks, like publishing to production, these preview links could be convenient to understand what to expect during the merge. You could even set up the preview builds for every pull request.

Netlify allows for the cleanest and most responsible A/B testing you can do.

If you ever wanted to run A/B tests on your site, you would find that Netlify makes running A/B tests quite straightforward. Split testing on Netlify allows you to display different versions of your website from different Git branches without any hackery.

Start by adding and publishing a separate branch with desired changes. From “Split testing” panel, select which branches to test, set a split percentage, and start the test. You could even set a variable in analytics code to track which branch is currently displayed. You might need to active branch deploys if you didn’t do this already.

Netlify’s Split Testing lets you divide traffic to your site between different deploys, straight from our CDN network, without losing any download performance, and without installing any third party JavaScript library.
— Netlify documentation

I have been using A/B testing on my site for a few different features so far:

• Testing different versions of contact forms
• Displaying different versions of banners
• Tracking user behavior, like heatmaps

If you want to track split testing information, you could set up the process environment variable for this purpose. You could learn more about it in the official documentation. The best part? Most A/B testing services use client-side JavaScript to do it, which is unreliable and not great for performance. Doing it at the load balancer level like this is so much better.

There are lots of options for notifications, like email and Slack.

If you want to receive a notification when something happens with your Netlify project, you could choose from a wide variety of notification options. I prefer getting an email for every successful or failed build.

If you are using Gmail, you could notice „See the changes live” link for every successful build when hovering your message in Gmail inbox. That means you could open a preview link without opening the email. There are other links like „See full deploy logs” when your build have any issues or „Check usage details” when your plan is near its limits. How awesome is that?

If you want to set up a hook for third-party services, all you need is a URL (JWS secret token is optional). Slack hooks are built-in with Netlify and could be set up within seconds if you know your Slack incoming webhook URL.

Conclusion

All of the features mentioned above are part of the free Netlify plan. I cannot even imagine the effort invested in providing a seamless experience as it is now. But Netlify doesn’t stop there. They are introducing more and more new and shiny features, like Netlify Dev CLI for local development and deploy cancelations. Netlify has established as an undoubtedly game-changing platform in modern web development of static websites, and it is a big part of the growth and popularity of static sites.

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Post pobrano z: Using GraphQL Playground with Gatsby

I’m assuming most of you have already heard about Gatsby, and at least loosely know that it’s basically a static site generator for React sites. It generally runs like this:

1. Data Sources → Pull data from anywhere.
2. Build → Generate your website with React and GraphQL.
3. Deploy → Send the site to any static site host.

What this typically means is that you can get your data from any recognizable data source — CMS, markdown, file systems and databases, to name a few — manage the data through GraphQL to build your website, and finally deploy your website to any static web host (such as Netlify or Zeit).

In this article, we are concerned with the build process, which is powered by GraphQL. This is the part where your data is managed. Unlike traditional REST APIs where you often need to send anonymous data to test your endpoints, GraphQL consolidates your APIs into a self-documenting IDE. Using this IDE, you can perform GraphQL operations such as queries, mutations, and subscriptions, as well as view your GraphQL schema, and documentation.

GraphQL has an IDE built right into it, but what if we want something a little more powerful? That’s where GraphQL Playground comes in and we’re going to walk through the steps to switch from the default over to GraphQL Playground so that it works with Gatsby.

GraphiQL and GraphQL Playground

GraphiQL is GraphQL’s default IDE for exploring GraphQL operations, but you could switch to something else, like GraphQL Playground. Both have their advantages. For example, GraphQL Playground is essentially a wrapper over GraphiQL but includes additional features such as:

• Interactive, multi-column schema documentation
• Automatic schema reloading
• Support for GraphQL Subscriptions
• Query history
• Configuration of HTTP headers
• Tabs
• Extensibility (themes, etc.)

Choosing either GraphQL Playground or GraphiQL most likely depends on whether you need to use those additional features. There’s no strict rule that will make you write better GraphQL operations, or build a better website or app.

This post isn’t meant to sway you toward one versus the other. We’re looking at GraphQL Playground in this post specifically because it’s not the default IDE and there may be use cases where you need the additional features it provides and needs to set things up to work with Gatsby. So, let’s dig in and set up a new Gatsby project from scratch. We’ll integrate GraphQL Playground and configure it for the project.

Setting up a Gatsby Project

To set up a new Gatsby project, we first need to install the gatsby-cli. This will give us Gatsby-specific commands we can use in the Terminal.

npm install -g gatsby-cli

Now, let’s set up a new site. I’ve decided to call this example „gatsby-playground” but you can name it whatever you’d like.

gatsby new gatsby-playground

Let’s navigate to the directory where it was installed.

cd gatsby-playground

And, finally, flip on our development server.

gatsby develop

Head over to http://localhost:8000 in the browser for the opening page of the project. Your Gatsby GraphQL operations are going to be located at http://localhost:8000/___graphql.

At this point, I think it’s worth calling out that there is a desktop app for GraphQL Playground. You could just access your Gatsby GraphQL operations with the URL Endpoint localhost:8000/___graphql without going any further with this article. But, we want to get our hands dirty and have some fun under the hood!

Gatsby’s Environmental Variables

Still around? Cool. Moving on.

Since we’re not going to be relying on the desktop app, we’ll need to do a little bit of Environmental Variable setup.

Environmental Variables are variables used specifically to customize the behavior of a website in different environments. These environments could be when the website is in active development, or perhaps when it is live in production and available for the world to see. We can have as many environments as we want, and define different Environmental Variables for each of the environments.

Learn more about Environmental Variables in Gatsby.

Gatsby supports two environments: development and production. To set a development environmental variable, we need to have a .env.development file at the root of the project. Same sort of deal for production, but it’s .env.production.

To swap out both environments, we’ll need to set an environment variable in a cross-platform compatible way. Let’s create a .env.development file at the root of the project. Here, we set a key/value pair for our variables. The key will be GATSBY_GRAPHQL_IDE, and the value will be playground, like so:

GATSBY_GRAPHQL_IDE=playground

Accessing Environment Variables in JavaScript

In Gatsby, our Environmental Variables are only available at build time, or when Node.JS is running (what we’ll call run time). Since the variables are loaded client-side at build time, we need to use them dynamically at run time. It is important that we restart our server or rebuild our website every time we modify any of these variables.

To load our environmental variables into our project, we need to install a package:

yarn add env-cmd --dev // npm install --save-dev env-cmd

With that, we will change the develop script in package.json as the final step, to this instead:

"develop": "env-cmd --file .env.development --fallback gatsby develop"

The develop script instructs the env-cmd package to load environmental variables from a custom environmental variable file (.env.development in this case), and if it can’t find it, fallback to .env (if you have one, so if you see the need to, create a .env file at the root of your project with the same content as .env.development).

And that’s it! But, hey, remember to restart the server since we change the variable.

yarn start // npm run develop

If you refresh the http://localhost:8000/___graphql in the browser, you should now see GraphQL playground. Cool? Cool!

And that’s how we get GraphQL Playground to work with Gatsby!

So that’s how we get from GraphQL’s default GraphiQL IDE to GraphQL Playground. Like we covered earlier, the decision of whether or not to make the switch at all comes down to whether the additional features offered in GraphQL Playground are required for your project. Again, we’re basically working with a GraphiQL wrapper that piles on more features.

Resources

Here are some additional articles around the web to get you started with Gatsby and more familiar with GraphiQL, GraphQL Playground, and Environment Variables.

• Gatsby JS – The Great Gatsby Bootcamp
• Awesome Gatsby Resources
• Introducing GraphiQL
• Environmental Variables in GraphQL
• Using GraphQL Playground with Gatsby
• env-cmd

The post Using GraphQL Playground with Gatsby appeared first on CSS-Tricks.

Post pobrano z: How I Created a Code Beautifier in Two Days

I recently drew up a wireframe for a code beautifier. The next day, I decided to turn it into a real tool. The whole project took less than two days to complete.

I’d been thinking about building a new code beautifier for a while. The idea isn’t unique, but every time I use someone else’s tool, I find myself reapplying the same settings and dodging advertisements every single time. 🤦🏻‍

I wanted a simple tool that worked well without the hassle, so last week I grabbed some paper and started sketching one out. I’m a huge fan of wireframing by hand. There’s just something about pencil and paper that makes the design part of my brain work better than staring at a screen.

I was immediately inspired after drawing the wireframe. The next day, I took a break from my usual routine to turn it into a something real. 👨🏻‍💻

Check it Out

The design

I knew I wanted the code editor to be the main focus of the tool, so I created a thin menu bar at the top that controls the mode (i.e. HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and settings. I eventually added an About button too.

The editor itself takes up most of the screen, but it blends in so you don’t really notice it. Instead of wasting space with instructions, I used a placeholder that disappears when you start typing.

At the bottom, I created a status bar that shows live stats about the code including the current mode, indentation settings, number of lines, number of characters, and document size in bytes. The right side of the status bar has a „Clear” and „Clean + Copy” button. The center has a logo shamelessly plugging my own service.

I don’t think many developers really code on phones, but I wanted this to work on mobile devices anyway. Aside from the usual responsive techniques, I had to watch the window size and adjust the tab position when the screen becomes too narrow.

I’m using flexbox and viewport units for vertical sizing. This was actually pretty easy to do with the exception of a little iOS quirk. Here’s a pen showing the basic wireframe. Notice how the textarea stretches to fill the unused space between the header and footer.

See the Pen
Full-page text editor with header + footer by Cory LaViska (@claviska)
on CodePen.

If you look at the JavaScript tab, you’ll see the iOS quirk and the workaround. I’m not sure how to feature detect something like this, so for now it’s just a simple device check.

Handling settings

I wanted to keep the most commonly used settings easy to access, but also expose advanced settings for each mode. To do this, I made the settings button a popover with a link to more advanced settings inside. When a setting is changed, the UI updates immediately and the settings are persisted to localStorage.

I took advantage of Vue.js here. Each setting gets mapped to a data property, and when one of them changes, the UI updates (if required) and I call saveSettings(). It works something like this.

function saveSettings() {
  const settings = {};

  // settingsToStore is an array of property names that will be persisted
  // and "this" is referencing the current Vue model
  settingsToStore.map(key => settings[key] = this[key]);
  localStorage.setItem('settings', JSON.stringify(settings);
}

Every setting is a data property that gets synced to localStorage. This is a rather primitive way to store state, so I might update the app to use a state management library such as Vuex later on.

To restore settings, I have a restoreSettings() function that runs when the app starts up.

function restoreSettings() {
  const json = localStorage.getItem('settings');

  if (json) {
    try {
      const settings = JSON.parse(json);

      Object.keys(settings).forEach(key => {
        if (settingsToStore.includes(key)) {
          this[key] = settings[key];
        }
      });
    } catch (err) {
      window.alert('There was an error loading your previous settings');
    }
  }
}

The function fetches settings from localStorage, then applies them one by one ensuring only valid settings in settingsToStore get imported.

The Advanced Settings link opens a dialog with tabs for each mode. Despite having over 30 settings total, everything is organized and easy to access so users won’t feel overwhelmed.

Applying themes

Dark mode is all the rage these days, so it’s enabled by default. There’s also a light theme for those who prefer it. The entire UI changes, except for popovers and dialogs.

I considered using prefers-color-scheme, which coincidentally landed in Firefox 67 recently, but I decided a toggle would probably be better. Browser support for the color theme preference query isn’t that great yet, plus developers are weird. (For example, I use macOS with the light theme, but my text editor is dark.)

Defining features

Coming up with feature ideas is fairly easy. It’s limiting features for an initial release that’s hard. Here are the most relevant features I shipped right away:

• Beautifies HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code
• Syntax highlighting with tag/bracket matching
• Paste or drop files to load code
• Auto-detects indentation preference based on pasted code or dropped file
• Light and dark themes
• Clean and copy in one click
• Keyboard shortcuts
• Most JS Beautify options are configurable
• Settings get stored indefinitely in localStorage
• Minimal UI without ads (just an unobtrusive plug to my own service) 🙈

I also threw in a few easter eggs for fun. Try refreshing the page, exploring shortcuts, and sharing it on Facebook or Twitter to find them. 😉

The tools and libraries I used

I’m a big fan of Vue.js. It’s probably overkill for this project, but the Vue CLI let me start building with all the latest tooling via one simple command.

vue create beautify-code

I didn’t have to waste any time scaffolding, which helped me build this out quickly. Plus, Vue came in handy for things like live stats, changing themes, toggling settings, etc. I used various Element UI components for things like buttons, form elements, popovers, and dialogs.

The editor is powered by CodeMirror using custom styles. It’s a well-supported and fantastic project that I can’t recommend enough for in-browser code editing.

The library that does all the beautifying is called JS Beautify, which handles JavaScript, HTML, and CSS. JS Beautify runs on the client-side, so there’s really no backend to this app — your browser does all the work!

JS Beautify is incredibly easy to use. Install it with npm install js-beautify and run your code through the appropriate function.

import beautify from 'js-beautify';

const code = 'Your code here';
const settings = {
  // Your settings here
};

// HTML
const html = beautify.html(code, settings)

// CSS
const css = beautify.css(code, settings)

// JavaScript
const js = beautify.js(code, settings)

Each function returns a string containing the beautified code. You can change how each language is output by passing in your own settings.

I’ve been asked a few times about Prettier, which is a comparable tool, so it’s worth mentioning that I chose JS Beautify because it’s less opinionated and more configurable. If there’s enough demand, I’ll consider adding an option to toggle between JS Beautify and Prettier.

I’ve used all of these libraries before, so integration was actually pretty easy. 😅

This project was made possible by my app, Surreal CMS. If you’re looking for a great CMS for static websites, check it out — it’s free for personal, educational, and non-profit websites!

Oh, and if you’re wondering what editor I used… it’s Visual Studio Code. 👨🏻‍💻

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