Post pobrano z: Art History: Harlem Renaissance

„Sometimes I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry.
It merely astonishes me. How can anyone deny themselves the pleasure of
my company? It’s beyond me.” — Zora Neale Hurston

We are artists. Illustrators. Graphic designers.

Art unites us all, with an array of styles as diverse and unique as our heritage.

In this next part of our Art History series, we turn to the Harlem Renaissance, a 20th-century cultural and creative movement giving African Americans the platform to voice their stories through several artistic mediums.

The Harlem Renaissance

What if you were free?

Art is a humbling reminder of history. Though they were considered free, African Americans waited for a new life outside the borders of southern racist ideologies after the American Civil War. 

In turn, a new wave of dreamers migrated to the west, midwest, and northeastern US states in hopes of economic stability.

As the years progressed, the families of these great migrators gave way to the stunning artists and intellectuals of the 1920s. Today we honor a few of their legacies by taking a look at their incredible styles.

Sculptors

Her sculpture of President Franklin D. Roosevelt inspired the dime. Selma Burke was an extraordinary American sculptor whose sculptures influenced many during the Harlem Renaissance. Her style consisted of remarkable busts and wooden sculptures of maternal subjects. 

Similarly to Selma, artist Augusta Savage created small clay sculptures of animals as a child. Even early on, her work was impressive. She later went on to create realistic busts of several notable figures during the Harlem Renaissance like W.E.B. Du Bois and more.

Painters

Laura Wheeler Waring was an African-American artist and educator for more than 30 years. She specialized in textural oil paintings of unknown African Americans and notable Harlem Renaissance figures.

This portrait of civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois landed her major recognition within the movement. In turn, she went on to create many more portraits of important leaders and activists.

Initially, her life as an educator slowed down her personal work, but she later used her love of travel to discover new artistic interests.  

For artists, the Harlem Renaissance gave way to new expressions of African-American life.

In the Migration Series (at the top of this post), artist Jacob Lawrence depicted colorful portrayals of the Great Migration. He used flat visuals and bright colors to abstract the material as a result of his influence of Mexican muralism.

Illustrators & Muralists

While the Harlem Renaissance is believed to have disappeared during the late 1930s, its influence would affect generations of black and brown artists to come.

These artists explored minimalist and abstract elements in their work, influenced by Pablo Picasso and others. Many even attributed Cubism to their early inspiration for working in design.

Early on in her career, graphic artist Elizabeth Catlett crafted wooden sculptures depicting the female experience. Her work revolved around Afrocentric themes which explored the human condition.

But if you were a designer during the 1930s then perhaps Aaron Douglas would have inspired you.

His work showcased a unique abstract style. Painting silhouettes of
African American men and women, he communicated scenes of social life and
struggle.

For our last artist, we’ll take a look at the extraordinary work of Charles Alston. An illustrator, painter, and sculptor, Charles contributed greatly to the rise of the modernist art styles in African-American work during this time.

His illustrations were usually of presidents, musicians, and prominent activists, but he also explored many other mediums in an effort to improve his skills.

Conclusion

Though the movement came and went as a result of the Great Depression, the Harlem Renaissance continues to be an inspiration for artists even today. Its wide range of culture and influence is a
true testament to
the evolution of art. And I hope you continue to learn more about these
amazing timelines on your own.

For more stories from the Harlem Renaissance, dive into the links below for further reading. And
join me next month when we discuss Cubism.

• The Harlem Renaissance
  
• Harlem Renaissance: Art of Black America
  
• The Harlem Renaissance: A Very Short Introduction

The following sources were also included in this article:

• Wikipedia: Harlem Renaissance
  
• Biography: Aaron Douglas
  
• Britannica: Harlem Renaissance
  

Post pobrano z: How to Create a Metallic 3D Spiky Text Effect in Adobe Photoshop

This tutorial will show you how to use Photoshop’s 3D tools and settings to create a spiky text effect with text and preset meshes, as well as a few textures, adjustment layers, and filters. Let’s get started!

This text effect was inspired by the many Layer Styles available on GraphicRiver.

Tutorial Assets

The following assets were used during the production of this tutorial:

• Squada One font
• Metal seamless textures by jojo-ojoj
• Metal seamless textures pack 5 by jojo-ojoj
• Living Room by StockSnap
• Concrete rough texture by kues1
• Modern wood texture background design by graphictwister

1. How to Create 3D Text

Step 1

Create a new 1000 x 850 px document with a white background.

Create the text in All Caps using the font Squada One. Change the Size to 250 pt and the Tracking to 150.

Step 2

Go to 3D > New 3D Extrusion from Selected Layer.

2. How to Work With the 3D Scene

Step 1

To access the 3D mesh settings and properties, you’ll need to open two panels: the 3D panel and the Properties panel (both found under the Window menu).

The 3D panel has all the components of the 3D scene, and when you click the name of any of those, you’ll be able to access its settings in the Properties panel. So make sure to always select the tab of the element you want to modify in the 3D panel before you change its settings in the Properties panel.

Step 2

If you select the Move Tool, you’ll find a set of 3D Modes for it to the right of the Options bar.

When you choose one of those, you can then click and drag to perform changes (on the selected element in the 3D panel).

Use those modes to change the Current View into an angle you like.

3. How to Adjust 3D Mesh and Cap Settings

Step 1

Select the text mesh tab in the 3D panel, and change the Extrusion Depth in the Properties panel to 55 px.

Step 2

Click the Cap icon at the top of the Properties panel. Change the Sides to Front and Back, the Bevel Width to 5%, and the Contour to Half Round.

4. How to Create a 3D Cone Mesh

Step 1

Create a new layer on top of the 3D layer, fill it with White, and name it Cone.

Step 2

Go to 3D > New Mesh from Layer > Mesh Preset > Cone.

Step 3

Select the Current View tab in the 3D panel, and choose the 3D text layer’s name from the View menu in the Properties panel.

Step 4

Select both 3D layers, and go to 3D > Merge 3D Layers.

5. How to Scale 3D Meshes

Step 1

Select the Cone mesh tab, pick the Move Tool, and use the 3D Axis to scale the cone into a size you like.

The arrows at the ends of the axis move the mesh, the part below them is used for rotation, and the cubes are used for scaling. The cube in the center is used to scale the object uniformly. All you need to do is click and drag the part you want to use.

Step 2

You can also click the Coordinates icon at the top of the Properties panel to use numerical values.

Click the Scale icon and uncheck the Uniform Scaling option if you don’t want to scale the cone uniformly.

Step 3

We need to achieve a long thin cone, so the Y Scale value needs to be larger than the other two.

The final overall size is up to you to decide, based on how many cones you plan on adding and the size you’d like them to be.

6. How to Use Different Camera Views

Step 1

After creating the cone you want to use, it’s time to duplicate and place it all over the text.

To help you to place the cones more precisely, you can use the different camera view options.

Select the Current View tab in the 3D panel, and choose Front from the View dropdown menu in the Properties panel.

Step 2

After you choose a camera view, you can zoom in or out, or move the scene around using the Move Tool’s 3D Modes.

Once you get a clear view of the part of the text you want to work on, select the cone mesh tab and place it wherever needed.

You can initially use the 3D Axis, and then you can use the Coordinates values to get a more precise result.

Step 3

Another helpful camera view is the Top view. It will help you place the cones along the extruded part.

7. How to Instance Objects

Step 1

Right-click the Cone mesh tab, and choose Instance Objects.

This will create a linked copy that reflects the changes made to the original mesh, like the material settings, for example.

Step 2

Move the copy along the Z Axis to push it behind the original cone.

Step 3

Instance as many objects as needed to cover the extrusion behind the original cone.

If the cone needs resizing to fit within the extrusion area, use the Coordinates values to scale it, and apply the same values to the copies.

Make sure to end up with an evenly spaced line of cones along the extrusion of the text.

8. How to Create a Spiky Effect

Step 1

Select all the Cone mesh tabs created, right-click any of them, and choose Instance Objects. This will duplicate all of them together, and you can transform them as a unit as well.

Use the camera views, 3D Axis, and Coordinates values to move and rotate the copies next to the original meshes.

Step 2

Instance and move as many cone meshes as needed to place spikes all over the text.

Step 3

Once you’re done, you can select a random cone mesh and change its Y Scale value to make it longer.

Step 4

Use the different camera views to adjust its position after scaling it.

Step 5

Repeat that to scale up a couple of other random cones.

9. How to Create a Metallic Cone Material

Step 1

Select the Cone_Material tab in the 3D panel, click its Diffuse texture icon in the Properties panel to choose Replace Texture, and open the 9.jpg image from the Metal seamless textures pack.

Step 2

Click the Diffuse texture again, and choose Edit Texture.

Step 3

This will open the texture file. Add a Solid Color fill layer, use the Color #ffae21, and change the layer’s Blend Mode to Linear Burn.

Save and close the file.

Step 4

Use these settings for the rest of the values (the color values used are in RGB):

• Specular: 191, 191, 191
• Shine: 80%
• Reflection: 50%
• Roughness: 3%

10. How to Save 3D Materials

Step 1

Click the Material Picker box, click the pop-up menu icon, and choose New Material.

Step 2

Type Cone_Material in the Name field, and click OK. This will add the material to the picker so that you’ll be able to reapply it later on.

11. How to Create a Front Inflation Material

Step 1

Select the text’s Front Inflation Material tab, click its Diffuse texture icon, and choose Load Texture to open the 15.jpg image from the Metal seamless textures pack 5 pack.

Step 2

Click the Diffuse texture icon again, and choose Edit UV Properties.

Step 3

Use any Tile values that you like and click OK.

Step 4

Use these values for the rest of the settings:

• Specular: 100, 100, 100
• Shine: 50%
• Reflection: 5%

12. How to Add a Bump Effect

Step 1

Click the Bump folder icon and choose Load Texture to open the 10.jpg image from the Metal seamless textures pack 5 pack.

Step 2

Change the Bump value to 25, and edit its texture’s UV Properties to match the Diffuse’s.

Save the material once you’re done.

Step 3

Select the text’s Extrusion Material tab, open the Material Picker, scroll down to the Front Inflation Material’s icon, and click it to apply it to the Extrusion Material.

13. How to Adjust More Material Settings

Step 1

Select the text mesh tab, and change its Texture Mapping to Tile.

Step 2

Select the Extrusion Material tab again, and edit its Diffuse and Bump textures’ UV Properties as needed.

Step 3

Select both Bevel Material tabs, and apply the Cone_Material to them. Also, apply the Front Inflation Material to the Back Inflation Material.

14. How to Adjust a 3D Scene’s Lighting and Render It

Step 1

Select the Infinite Light 1 tab, and change its Intensity to 60% and its Shadow Softness to 30%.

Step 2

Use the Move Tool or the Coordinates values to move the Infinite Light until you get a result you like.

Step 3

Select the Environment tab, click the IBL texture icon, choose Replace Texture, and open the Living Room image.

Step 4

Change the Intensity to 50%, and move the image around to get a result you like.

You can go back and forth between the Infinite and Environment lights, and change their settings or move them around, until you achieve the result you want.

Step 5

Place the Modern wood texture background design image below the 3D layer, rename its layer to Background Texture, resize it to fit within the document, and adjust the 3D scene’s camera angle accordingly to choose a final camera view.

Don’t worry about any empty areas that appear as we will crop them later on.

Step 6

Once you like the final result, go to 3D > Render 3D Layer. The rendering might take a while, but you can stop it any time by pressing the Esc key.

After the rendering is done, right-click the 3D layer and choose Convert to Smart Object to avoid making any accidental changes.

15. How to Apply a Texture Overlay

Step 1

Place the Concrete rough texture image on top of the 3D layer, rename its layer to Texture Overlay, change its Blend Mode to Color Burn, resize it as needed, and right-click it to choose Create Clipping Mask.

Step 2

Double-click the Texture Overlay layer to get the Layer Style box.

We are going to adjust the Underlying Layer sliders under the Blend If section. Press-hold the Option key, and click-drag the left slider to split it. As you move the slider’s ends, you’ll notice how the texture starts to blend better with the text. What this slider does is protect the darker areas of the text from being affected by the texture.

16. How to Adjust a Background Texture

Step 1

Select the Crop Tool, uncheck the Delete Cropped Pixels box in the Options bar, and drag the sides of the bounding box to get rid of any empty areas outside the background texture image.

Hit the Return key to apply the crop.

Step 2

Select the Background Texture layer, and go to Image > Adjustments > Levels. Change the Output Levels’ Highlights value to 147.

Step 3

Go to Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation. Change the Hue to -13, the Saturation to -31, and the Lightness to -40.

Step 4

Double-click the Background Texture layer to apply a Color Overlay effect with these settings:

• Color: #655d52
• Blend Mode: Overlay

17. How to Add a Vignette

Step 1

Create a new layer on top of the Background Texture layer and name it Vignette.

Select the Brush Tool, and set the Foreground Color to #b7b7b7.

Step 2

Change the Vignette layer’s Blend Mode to Linear Burn and its Opacity to 70%.

Pick a big soft round brush tip, and change its Opacity value in the Options bar to 10%. Paint around the document to add the vignette. You can change the Opacity values if you want a more subtle outcome.

18. How to Add a Quick Dodge and Burn

Step 1

Add a new Curves adjustment layer on top of all layers, and select its mask’s thumbnail.

Step 2

Go to Image > Apply Image. Set the Layer to Merged, the Channel to RGB, and the Blending to Linear Burn.

Step 3

Change the Curves layer’s Blend Mode to Luminosity, and drag the curve’s center slightly upwards to brighten the lighter areas a little bit.

Step 4

Duplicate the Curves layer, and drag the curve’s center slightly downwards to darken the darker areas.

In order to affect the darker areas, you need to invert the mask. So click the mask’s thumbnail, and press Command-I.

19. How to Apply High Pass and Noise Filters

Step 1

Create a new layer on top of all layers and name it High Pass.

Press the Shift-Option-Command-E keys to create a stamp, and change its Blend Mode to Soft Light.

Step 2

Go to Filter > Other > High Pass, and change the Radius to 1.

Step 3

Create another new layer on top of all layers and name it Noise.

Go to Edit > Fill, change the Contents to 50% Gray, and click OK.

Step 4

Convert the Noise layer to a Smart Object, and change its Blend Mode to Soft Light.

Step 5

Go to Filter > Noise > Add Noise, change the Amount to 3 and the Distribution to Uniform, and check the Monochromatic box.

Step 6

Duplicate the Texture Overlay layer, drag the copy on top of all layers, and change its Opacity to 50%.

Congratulations! You’re Done

In this tutorial, we created 3D text and cone meshes, adjusted their settings, and created their materials.

Then, we adjusted the lighting, added a background, and rendered the 3D scene. After that, we used textures, adjustment layers, and layer styles to adjust the coloring and contrast of the effect.

Finally, we used high pass and noise filters to finish off the effect.

Please feel free to leave your comments, suggestions, and outcomes below.